Hair loss (alopecia) is a common problem affecting males and females. While it is more prevalent in older adults, it can occur in anyone, including children. According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), losing between 50 and 100 hairs per day is normal. This small amount of hair fall is not noticeable, as the average person has about 100,000 hairs on their head. Typically, new hair replaces lost hair, but this does not always happen.
Hair loss can develop gradually over the years or occur suddenly. Depending on the underlying cause, it can be temporary or permanent. If you are experiencing more hair fall than usual, it may be time to consult a doctor. Read on to learn more about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for hair fall.
Symptoms
- Losing more hair than the normal daily amount.
- Thinning hair.
- Hairline appearing higher than usual.
- Excessive hair on brushes or combs after use.
- Bald patches.
- Clogged sink or shower drains due to hair after showering.
- Itching or pain on the scalp.
- Dryness on the scalp.
Causes
Hair loss can result from various factors, including genetics, internal conditions, and external influences. Below are the primary causes:
- Androgenic Alopecia (Pattern Baldness):
- Also known as hereditary hair loss, it affects up to 50% of people.
- Hair loss develops gradually, with some noticing it as early as puberty.
- In males, it creates an “M” shape baldness, with hair loss at the crown and receding hairline.
- In females, it causes thinning across the entire scalp and a widening part.
- Alopecia Areata:
- An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks hair follicles, leading to bald patches.
- Can also cause hair fall in eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body parts.
- Anagen Effluvium:
- Sudden alopecia across the body due to treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
- Hair usually grows back after treatment.
- Telogen Effluvium:
- Sudden hair loss triggered by emotional trauma, stress, or serious illnesses such as:
- Childbirth
- Postpartum
- Menopause
- Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD)
- Undernutrition
- Endocrine problems
- Surgery or anesthesia
- Severe acute illnesses
- Sudden hair loss triggered by emotional trauma, stress, or serious illnesses such as:
- Tinea Capitis:
- A fungal infection (ringworm of the scalp) causes scaly, itchy bald patches.
- Symptoms include brittle hair, scalp tenderness, and grey or red scaly skin.
- Traction Alopecia:
- Caused by excessive tension on hair due to tight hairstyles like braids, ponytails, or buns.
Diagnosis
- Medical History:
- Recent infections, surgeries, life stressors, family history of baldness, or autoimmune diseases.
- Biopsy:
- For autoimmune or scalp skin conditions.
- Blood Tests:
- To check for nutritional deficiencies or underlying conditions, such as:
- Vitamin D levels
- Iron and ferritin levels
- Thyroid levels
- To check for nutritional deficiencies or underlying conditions, such as:
Hair growth is a complex process, and multiple tests may be required to determine the cause of hair fall.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of hair fall:
- Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications:
- Topical creams, gels, or foams like minoxidil.
- Prescription medications like finasteride (Propecia) for male pattern baldness.
- Anti-Inflammatory Medications:
- Corticosteroids for autoimmune-related hair loss.
- Laser Therapy:
- Stimulates hair growth.
- Microneedling with PRP:
- Promotes hair regrowth.
- Hair Transplant Surgery:
- Ideal for inherited hair fall from the top of the scalp.
How to Prevent
- Avoid tight hairstyles like braids, buns, or ponytails.
- Refrain from pulling, twisting, or rubbing your hair.
- Dry hair gently with a towel; avoid rubbing or twisting.
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in iron and protein.
- Limit the use of heat-styling tools like blow dryers, straighteners, and colouring agents.
- Use baby shampoo if experiencing hair fall; wash with regular shampoo only for extremely oily hair.
Most Asked Questions
- Which vitamins help with hair growth?
- Vitamins B (riboflavin, biotin, folate, and B12), iron, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc.
- Which vitamins increase the risk of hair fall?
- Excessive vitamin A and selenium can lead to hair fall, though adequate amounts are essential for healthy hair.
- What disorders cause hair fall?
- Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD), scalp psoriasis, STIs like syphilis, and thyroid disease.
- Is it possible to stop hair fall?
- Permanently stopping hair fall depends on the cause. Early treatment increases the chances of reversing or slowing hair fall. Some causes, like autoimmune diseases or damage from tight hairstyles, can be reversed.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a doctor if you notice hair fall along with other unusual symptoms, such as:
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fever
- Changes in bowel movements
- Rashes or skin changes on the scalp or body
- Recent surgeries or medical procedures
- Changes in diet or nutrition
- New medications or immunizations
By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for hair loss, you can take proactive steps to manage and prevent it. If you suspect hair loss, seek medical advice to address the underlying cause effectively.