There is a strong relationship between thyroid dysfunction and excessive hair loss. An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) and an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) can lead to hair loss. The mechanisms behind hair loss in thyroid dysfunction are as follows:
Mechanisms of Pathophysiology Behind Hair Loss in Thyroid Dysfunction
Growth Cycle Disruption:
- Anagen Phase Shortened: The active phase of hair growth is shortened in thyroid dysfunction, preventing proper hair growth.
- Telogen Phase Prolonged: The resting phase of hair growth is prolonged, leading to excessive hair fall.
- Increased Hair Shedding: Both a shortened anagen phase and a prolonged telogen phase result in excessive hair loss.
Causes of Hair Loss in Thyroid Disease
- Hormonal Imbalance: Increased or decreased thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) disrupt the hair growth cycle.
- Decreased Blood Flow: In hypothyroidism, reduced blood flow to the scalp contributes to hair loss.
- Increased Metabolism: In hyperthyroidism, an increased metabolism accelerates hair fall.
- Nutrient Deficiencies: Thyroid dysfunction often leads to deficiencies in essential nutrients like iron, zinc, biotin, and vitamin D, which are crucial for hair growth.
- Inflammation: Chronic inflammation caused by thyroid dysfunction can lead to hair loss.
- Autoimmune Disease: Conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, can cause hair loss.
- Stress and Anxiety: Neurological issues associated with thyroid disease can lead to stress and anxiety, further contributing to hair loss.
Other Factors for Hair Loss in Thyroid Disease
- Medications: Some thyroid medications, such as methimazole, list hair loss as a side effect.
- Ageing: Hair loss is a natural part of ageing, but thyroid disorders can accelerate this process.
- Other Medical Disorders: Pre-existing conditions like autoimmune diseases or skin disorders can worsen hair loss in thyroid patients.
Treatments for Hair Loss in Thyroid Disorder
Medical Treatments
Hormone Replacement Therapy:
- Hypothyroidism: Medications like thyroxine are prescribed to normalize hormone levels.
- Hyperthyroidism: Medications like methimazole help optimize hormone levels.
Supplements:
Nutritional supplements are essential for restoring the hair growth cycle. Key supplements include:
- Biotin
- Vitamin B
- Iron
- Zinc
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Local Applications:
- Minoxidil (Rogaine): Applied to bald patches or the scalp to stimulate hair growth.
- Finasteride: Applied locally to the scalp to promote hair growth.
- Laser Therapy: Low-level laser or LED devices are used to stimulate hair growth cycles.
Natural Home Remedies
- Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens): A plant-based supplement that blocks dihydrotestosterone (DHT), an enzyme linked to hair loss.
- Fish Oil: Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil promotes hair growth and reduces inflammation.
- Aloe Vera Gel: Soothes the scalp and encourages hair growth.
- Rosemary Essential Oil: Improves scalp circulation and enhances hair growth.
Lifestyle Changes
- Reduce Stress: Engage in stress-relieving activities like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
- Maintain a Balanced Diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration supports hair follicle health.
- Get Adequate Sleep: Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep per night to regulate hormones and promote hair growth.
When to Consult a doctor
If you have a family history of thyroid disease or are undergoing treatment for a thyroid disorder and experiencing hair loss, consult your doctor. They can re-evaluate your thyroid levels and recommend appropriate treatments or supplements to address hair loss.
By understanding the connection between thyroid disease and hair loss, you can take proactive steps to manage and treat this condition effectively. Always seek professional medical advice for personalized care.